They describe the condition of the mummy as "well-preserved" but say damage to the neck wrappings suggest it was at some point targeted for valuables. The experts say at least 15 items, including a "rich set" of mummy-shaped amulets, were found in tact within the wrappings. She told the outlet that the team hope next to study small amounts of tissue to establish the woman's cause of death. Voice of 3,year-old Egyptian mummy heard again.
Mummies with golden tongues unearthed in Egypt. Lost Egyptian artefact found in cigar box. The women who love mummies. Ancient city is discovered in Egypt. Image source, Warsaw Mummy Project. Polish archaeologists described the discovery as "really special". A CT scanner and radiologists have been assisting the archaeological work.
Mummified animals 'digitally unwrapped' Egyptian mummification 'recipe' revealed Egypt mummies pass through Cairo parade. Royal Ontario Museum. T he practice of mummification began in Egypt in B. During the Old Kingdom , it was believed that only pharaohs could attain immortality. Around B. But since mummification was expensive, only the wealthy were able to take advantage of it. Although mummification was not a strict requirement for resurrection in the next world, it was certainly regarded as a highly desirable means of attaining it.
The prayers in the Book of the Dead were intended to help the deceased make a successful transition to the afterlife. T he art of mummification was perfected in the Third Intermediate Period B.
Late Period , the Greek historian Herodotus documented the process:. Next, the flank is slit open. The cavity is then thoroughly cleansed and washed out. Then it is filled with pure crushed myrrh, cassia, and all other aromatic substances, except frankincense.
When this period. N atron, a disinfectant and desiccating agent, was the main ingredient used in the mummification process. A compound of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate salt and baking soda , natron essentially dried out the corpse. Obtained from dried-up river beds, it was packed around and inside the body in linen bags, and left for 35 to 40 days to draw moisture out of the tissues.
By removing the organs and packing the internal cavity with dry natron, the body tissues were preserved. The body was filled with Nile mud, sawdust, lichen and cloth scraps to make it more flexible. Small cooking onions or linen pads were sometimes used to replace the eyes. Beginning in the third dynasty, the internal organs lungs, stomach, liver and intestines were removed, washed with palm wine and spices, and stored in four separate canopic jars made of limestone, calcite or clay.
Prior to this, the abdominal contents were removed, wrapped and buried in the floor of the tomb. If the body was destroyed, the spirit might be lost. The idea of "spirit" was complex involving really three spirits: the ka, ba, and akh. The ka, a "double" of the person, would remain in the tomb and needed the offerings and objects there. The ba, or "soul", was free to fly out of the tomb and return to it.
And it was the akh, perhaps translated as "spirit", which had to travel through the Underworld to the Final Judgment and entrance to the Afterlife. To the Egyptian, all three were essential. After death, the pharaohs of Egypt usually were mummified and buried in elaborate tombs.
Members of the nobility and officials also often received the same treatment, and occasionally, common people. However, the process was an expensive one, beyond the means of many.
For religious reasons, some animals were also mummified. The sacred bulls from the early dynasties had their own cemetery at Sakkara. Baboons, cats, birds, and crocodiles, which also had great religious significance, were sometimes mummified, especially in the later dynasties. Ancient writers, modern scientists, and the mummies themselves all help us better understand the Egyptian mummification process and the culture in which it existed.
Much of what we know about the actual process is based on the writings of early historians such as Herodotus who carefully recorded the process during his travels to Egypt around BCE. Present-day archaeologists and other specialists are adding to this knowledge. The development of x-rays now makes it possible to x-ray mummies without destroying the elaborate outer wrappings. By studying the x-rays or performing autopsies on unwrapped bodies, experts are learning more about diseases suffered by the Egyptians and their medical treatment.
A better idea of average height and life span comes from studying the bones. By learning their age at death, the order and dates of the Egyptian kings becomes a little clearer. Even ties of kinship in the royal line can be suggested by the striking similarities or dissimilarities in the skulls of pharaohs that followed one another. Dead now for thousands of years, the mummy continues to speak to us. Ancient Egypt Egyptian Mummies. Process The mummification process took seventy days.
Who Was Mummified After death, the pharaohs of Egypt usually were mummified and buried in elaborate tombs. The Study of Mummies Today Ancient writers, modern scientists, and the mummies themselves all help us better understand the Egyptian mummification process and the culture in which it existed. Mummy Mask. Mummy Of Cat. Smithsonian American Art Museum Mask. Fragment Of Mummy Coffin Cartonnage.
Mummy Coffin Model Of Wood. Wood Mummy Mask. Piece Of Mummy Cartonnage.
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